Pressure washers have become a piece of indispensable equipment for effectively and efficiently cleaning surfaces in a variety of commercial settings.
Whether you’re tackling small, daily cleaning tasks or performing larger, periodic maintenance, understanding the ins and outs of a pressure washer is crucial for achieving the best results.
Maybe you’re on the fence about purchasing a pressure washer for your business and are looking for the right equipment to get the job done.
Maybe you need to know what factors influence the cost of purchasing a pressure washer.
Perhaps you already own a pressure washer and need to know how to operate it, maintain it, or troubleshoot issues you are experiencing with it.
Don’t worry! We will cover everything you need to know in this guide.
Don’t have time to read the full guide? A downloadable version will be available shortly. Be sure to check back!
In this comprehensive ultimate guide, we’ll explore the key features of pressure washers, how they work, how much they cost, how to use them, and how to troubleshoot common pressure washer problems.
This e-book is packed with valuable information from industry experts and is designed to:
- Explain what a pressure washer is and how it works
- Educate on all the different components and features of a pressure washer
- Review the types of surfaces you can use your pressure washer on
- Evaluate the factors that can influence the price of a pressure washer
- Teach you how to use a pressure washer
- Cover steps for pressure washer repair and preventative maintenance
- Discuss the most commonly asked questions from prospective buyers
- Chapter 1
- What Is a Pressure Washer? Definition and Overview
- Chapter 2
- Key Components of a Pressure Washer
- Chapter 3
- What Surfaces Can Be Pressure Washed?
- Chapter 4
- How Much Does a Pressure Washer Cost? Factors and Considerations
- Chapter 5
- How to Use a Pressure Washer
- Chapter 6
- Pressure Washer Repair & Maintenance Guide
- Chapter 7
- Recommended Pressure Washers
- Chapter 8
- Important Questions to Ask When Selecting a Pressure Washer
- Conclusion
- Next Steps
Chapter 1: What Is a Pressure Washer? Definition and Overview
Before investing in a pressure washer, it’s essential to do some initial research to understand how the machine works and what it’s designed to do.
A pressure washer is a machine that uses a high-pressure stream of water to remove dirt, grime, mold, and even peeling paint from various surfaces.
They’re incredibly versatile and can be used to clean everything from building exteriors and driveways to vehicles, fences, masonry, rooftops, and more.
How Do Pressure Washers Work?
Pressure washers work by drawing water through a pump, which is powered by either an electric motor or a gasoline engine. This pump then pressurizes the water, creating a powerful stream.
Two main factors determine a pressure washer’s performance:
- PSI (Pounds per Square Inch): Indicates the force of the water.
- GPM (Gallons per Minute): Measures the water flow rate.
Think of PSI as the strength and GPM as the volume. Together, they determine how efficiently the machine cleans.
Types of Pressure Washers
Pressure washers are categorized by their power levels:
- Light-Duty
- Heavy-Duty
- Commercial-Grade
Light-Duty Pressure Washers
Ideal for smaller tasks like cleaning outdoor furniture or walkways. These models typically operate at up to 1900 PSI and 2 GPM, but many can still handle regular commercial cleaning.
Heavy-Duty Pressure Washers
These are suited for tougher jobs, like washing building exteriors or large equipment. They go up to 2800 PSI and 3 GPM.
Commercial Pressure Washers
Designed for the most demanding jobs, these machines can reach up to 7000 PSI and 5.5 GPM, making them highly efficient for large-scale cleaning.
Takeaways:
- A pressure washer uses high-pressure water to remove dirt, grime, and debris from a variety of surfaces.
- Pressure washers work by pressurizing water through a pump powered by either electricity or gasoline.
- PSI measures the force of the water, while GPM measures the volume—both are key to cleaning efficiency.
- Light-duty pressure washers are best for smaller, routine cleaning tasks with lower PSI and GPM levels.
- Heavy-duty pressure washers offer the highest power and flow rates, making them ideal for large, demanding jobs.
Chapter 2: Key Components of a Pressure Washer
Pressure washers are made up of a variety of features and components that can influence the machine’s cleaning capabilities and versatility, making them suitable for different applications.
Understanding the parts of a pressure washer helps ensure you choose the right model and use it safely and effectively.
These parts are:
- Power Supply
- Pump System
- Boiler
- Hose
- Trigger Handle
- Spray Wand
- Nozzle
1. Power Source
- Gasoline-Powered: Ideal for outdoor, heavy-duty jobs. More powerful but requires fuel and maintenance.
- Electric-Powered: Quieter, more affordable, and lower maintenance. Better for lighter or indoor jobs.
2. Pump System
The pump draws water and pressurizes it. This is the heart of the pressure washer and determines its overall performance.
3. Boiler (for Hot Water Units)
Some models use hot water for added cleaning power. These typically include a diesel-fired boiler, regardless of whether the unit is electric or gas-powered.
4. Hose
Transfers the pressurized water from the pump to the nozzle. Hoses come in various lengths (typically 50–300 ft) for different reach needs.
5. Trigger Handle
Attaches to the hose and allows the operator to control water flow. Shuts off automatically if dropped, enhancing safety.
6. Spray Wand
Connects to the trigger handle and directs the water stream. Built with various materials depending on the model’s power level.
7. Nozzle
Determines spray pattern and pressure. Nozzles come in multiple sizes for specific applications—from high-pressure deep cleaning to gentle soap application.
Takeaways:
- A pressure washer’s effectiveness and versatility depend on key components like the power source, pump, and nozzle.
- Gas-powered models are better for heavy-duty outdoor jobs, while electric units are quieter and lower-maintenance for lighter tasks.
- The pump system is the core of the machine, responsible for drawing and pressurizing water.
- Hot water units include a boiler for enhanced cleaning power, especially when tackling grease or oil.
- Nozzles control spray pattern and pressure, allowing customization for a wide range of cleaning applications.
Chapter 3: What Surfaces Can Be Pressure Washed?
Knowing when and where you can use your pressure washer is important to avoid damage or injury and ensure effective cleaning. For best results, consider the type of surface you are cleaning and use the appropriate settings, features, and nozzle
Always follow manufacturer recommendations for PSI settings to avoid surface damage. Here’s a quick guide:
Can You Pressure Wash Concrete?
Pressure washing is highly effective on concrete surfaces. Removes stains, dirt, and mildew easily with heavy-duty or commercial units.
Can You Pressure Wash Stucco?
Stucco can be pressure washed, but with caution. Wash gently with a unit under 1500 PSI to prevent surface damage.
Can You Pressure Wash Brick?
Brick surfaces can be cleaned with a pressure washer, however, use caution and keep the nozzle a few inches away to avoid harming grout.
Can You Pressure Wash Asphalt?
Pressure washing asphalt is possible, but do so carefully. Stick with light-duty washers. High PSI may dislodge gravel.
Can You Pressure Wash Wood?
Wooden surfaces can be pressure washed, but only use light-duty washers to avoid splintering or stripping paint.
When in doubt, it’s always best to consult a professional or use a soft washing method for delicate surfaces.
Because different surfaces have different sensitivity to water pressure, using the wrong nozzle or technique can lead to damage or poor results.
Takeaways:
- Different surfaces require different PSI levels to avoid damage while ensuring effective cleaning.
- Concrete is durable and responds well to heavy-duty or commercial pressure washers for deep cleaning.
- Stucco and wood are delicate and should only be cleaned with light-duty washers to prevent damage.
- Brick and asphalt can be pressure washed with care—maintaining distance and using lower pressure is key.
- Always refer to manufacturer guidelines or consult a professional when cleaning sensitive surfaces.
Chapter 4: How Much Does a Pressure Washer Cost? Factors and Considerations
It’s important to understand key factors that can influence cost when purchasing a pressure washer. There’s no one-size-fits-all price. Costs can vary widely based on features, size, power source, and more.
Pressure washer prices can vary widely depending on their type, size, and intended use. On average, commercial models range from $1,500 to over $25,000, depending on features and capabilities.
Investing in the right pressure washer can be a bit overwhelming. With so many models and features to choose from, it’s easy to end up overpaying for functions you might never use. That’s why it’s important to understand what features truly matter for your cleaning needs.
7 Factors that Affect the Cost of Pressure Washer
Here are seven key factors that influence both the cost and performance of commercial pressure washers:
- Diesel-Fired Heating Unit
- Power Source
- Start-Up Mechanism
- Pressure Output
- Physical Size and Mobility
- Frequency of Use
- Dilution Control Systems
Let’s break each one of these down.
1. Diesel-Fired Heating Unit
All pressure washers can clean with cold water, but some are equipped with a diesel-fired burner to heat water—ideal for cutting through grease, oil, and stubborn grime.
Hot water units are a larger investment due to their enhanced cleaning power and additional components like the diesel tank and heating coil. If your tasks involve heavy-duty degreasing, the extra cost may be worth the efficiency gains.
2. Power Source
Your choice of power source impacts both functionality and cost:
Electric-Powered Pressure Washers
Quiet, low-maintenance, and cost-effective—great for indoor or smaller-scale jobs. However, you’re limited by cord length unless you invest in extension options.
Gasoline-Powered Pressure Washers
More powerful and mobile, making them ideal for outdoor or industrial tasks. They tend to cost more upfront and often require more maintenance, but they offer unmatched flexibility in rugged environments.
3. Start-Up Mechanism
The way your machine starts also affects both cost and convenience:
Electric Start
Push-button simplicity. Found on electric units, it’s user-friendly and keeps costs lower thanks to fewer moving parts.
Pull Start
Common on gas models. Reliable and rugged, but slightly pricier due to the mechanical components involved.
Battery Starter
Similar to a car ignition, this feature is usually found on large, trailer-mounted commercial units. It adds convenience but also raises the overall price.
4. Pressure Output
Pressure output determines cleaning power—and price.
PSI (Pounds per Square Inch): Measures force.
GPM (Gallons per Minute): Measures water flow.
Higher ratings mean more power and faster cleaning—but also a higher cost. Industrial machines often require more advanced components, larger tanks, and trailer systems to handle extreme cleaning tasks. If you only need to rinse off walkways, a light-duty unit with lower specs will save you money.
5. Physical Size and Mobility
Size and mobility features also affect pricing. Small portable units are budget-friendly, but larger machines—such as cart, truck, or trailer-mounted systems—come with additional capabilities and space requirements.
If you need onboard water tanks (ranging from 15 to 300 gallons) for remote or large-scale jobs, expect a higher upfront price. The added convenience of mobility and water capacity can come with increased cost and footprint.
6. Frequency of Use
How often you’ll use the machine is a major cost factor. If your facility requires daily use, you’ll need a heavy-duty unit built for long-term durability and performance.
Occasional use? A lighter-duty, more affordable option may be just fine. Matching the machine’s durability to your usage needs ensures you’re spending wisely and getting the most value over time.
7. Dilution Control Systems
These systems allow the washer to mix cleaning chemicals with water, improving efficiency for certain jobs.
While optional, dilution control systems add to the machine’s price due to extra parts and functionality. You may also need compatible accessories like soap nozzles. If your cleaning tasks don’t require chemical application, skipping this feature can save you money.
Pro Tip: Before you invest, take time to match the machine’s capabilities with your facility’s specific needs. Overbuying may lead to wasted money, while underbuying can result in performance issues and costly downtime.
Takeaways:
- Pressure washer prices vary widely—from $1,500 to over $25,000—depending on features, power, and intended use.
- Understanding what features you truly need helps avoid overpaying for unnecessary capabilities.
- Key cost drivers include heating systems, power sources, start-up mechanisms, pressure output, and mobility features.
- Matching the machine’s durability and performance to your usage frequency ensures long-term value.
- Optional features like dilution control systems enhance versatility but can significantly increase overall cost.
Chapter 5: How to Use a Pressure Washer
Knowing how to use a pressure washer is important for safely and effectively cleaning exterior surfaces like siding, parking lots, and sidewalks. It helps remove tough dirt, grime, and other build-up, saving time and effort compared to manual cleaning methods.
Whether you’re using an electric or gas-powered commercial pressure washer, the steps are largely the same—with a few important differences.
In this next chapter, we’ll walk you through how to use a pressure washer in 9 steps, along with specific guidance for electric and gas models, including how to use the soap dispenser effectively.
Here are the 9 steps to use a pressure washer:
Step 1: Prepare the Power Source
Step 2: Connect the Water Supply to the Water Inlet
Step 3: Connect the Pump Outlet to the Trigger Gun
Step 4: Connect the Wand to the Trigger Gun
Step 5: Select the Nozzle You Want to Use
Step 6: Attach the Nozzle
Step 7: Turn on the Water Supply
Step 8: Start the Pressure Washer
Step 9: Start Cleaning!
How to Use an Electric Pressure Washer
First let’s go over how to use an electric pressure washer.
1. Prepare the Power Source
For an electric pressure washer, you simply plug the machine into the correct electrical outlet for its voltage.
Hot Water Boiler (if applicable):
If your commercial pressure washer has a hot water boiler, fill the boiler’s fuel tank with diesel, not gasoline.
2. Connect the Water Supply to the Water Inlet
Use a garden hose to connect your water supply to the machine’s water inlet.
The water inlet’s location varies on every pressure washer, but it should be easy to find given that it’s the only place you can attach a garden hose to the machine.
Make sure your hose connection is tight to avoid low water pressure.
3. Connect the Pump Outlet to the Trigger Gun
Use a high-pressure hose (not a garden hose) to connect the pump outlet to the trigger gun. High-pressure hoses are built to withstand the intense PSI and temperature from the washer. You’ll notice that the threading is different, and the high-pressure hose is made of a thicker material, typically PVC, rubber, or polyurethane.
If you use a garden hose here, the water will tear through it.
Take the high-pressure hose and use it to connect the pump outlet to the trigger gun. This is another area where you want to make sure the connection is tight, otherwise high-pressure water can shoot out of the connections when you go to operate the machine.
Optional: Connect the Soap Injector
If you plan on using a soap injector, this step is when you connect it. Connect the soap injector to the pump outlet first, then connect the high-pressure hose from the injector to the trigger gun.
Tighten all fittings before moving on to the next steps.
4. Connect the Wand to the Trigger Gun
Now it’s time to connect the wand to the trigger gun.
You want to align the trigger gun’s end with the wand’s base. Once aligned, push down and twist to lock the wand in place. Some brands may need to be screwed in place rather than a twist.
Tug at the wand gently to make sure it’s secured.
5. Select the Nozzle You Want to Use
Depending on the commercial pressure washer you purchased, it may have come with only one nozzle. In that case, you can skip this step.
On the other hand, the commercial pressure washer may have come with an array of nozzles. Each nozzle has its own purpose. Some are for low-pressure applications, while others are for high-pressure applications; some generate a wide stream, and some generate a narrow stream. There are also specialty nozzles for use with the soap injector.
Choose the appropriate nozzle for the task—wide spray for rinsing, narrow for tougher grime, or a soap nozzle if using detergent—then move on to the next step.
6. Attach the Nozzle
With all the main components connected and ready to go, you can now attach your nozzle of choice.
Connecting the nozzle is a two-step process. Pull back the collar at the end of the wand, insert the nozzle, and release the collar to lock it in place.
Tug slightly to confirm it’s secure.
7. Turn on the Water Supply
Make sure the water is flowing before you start the machine! It’s not uncommon for people to get this far and forget to turn the water supply on.
This avoids dry starts and pressure issues. It will also prevent you from spending unnecessary time trying to troubleshoot common pressure washer issues when nothing is wrong with the machine.
Once you turn on the water supply, you can start your commercial pressure washer.
8. Start the Pressure Washer
Locate and press the start button or switch on your electric unit.
Hot Water Boiler (if applicable):
If your commercial pressure washer has a hot water boiler, you’ll find a separate electric start mechanism on the boiler’s body.
Allow 5 minutes to warm up before using your machine.
9. Start Cleaning!
Begin cleaning using smooth, controlled passes.
How to Use a Gasoline-Powered Pressure Washer
Now let’s take a closer look at how to use a gasoline-powered pressure washer. You’ll notice you follow the same exact steps to use electric and gas pressure washers:
1. Prepare the Power Source
Fill the fuel tank with the proper fuel type for your machine (check your pressure washer’s manual for fuel type).
Hot Water Boiler
If your commercial pressure washer has a hot water boiler, fill it now. Fill the boiler’s tank with diesel only.
2. Connect the Water Supply to the Water Inlet
Use a garden hose to tightly connect the water inlet.
The water inlet’s location varies on every pressure washer, but it should be easy to find given that it’s the only place you can attach a garden hose to the machine.
Make sure your hose connection is tight to avoid low water pressure.
3. Connect the Pump Outlet to the Trigger Gun
Use a high-pressure hose—never a garden hose—for this connection.
If you use a garden hose here, the water will tear right through it.
Take the high-pressure hose and use it to connect the pump outlet to the trigger gun. This is another area where you want to make sure the connection is tight, otherwise high-pressure water can shoot out of the connections when you go to operate the machine.
Optional: Connect the Soap Injector
As with electric models, connect the injector to the pump outlet, then to the trigger gun via high-pressure hose.
Check all connections and make sure they are snug.
4. Connect the Wand to the Trigger Gun
Now it’s time to connect the wand to the trigger gun.
You want to align the trigger gun’s end with the wand’s base. Once aligned, push down and twist to lock the wand in place. Some brands may need to be screwed in place rather than a twist.
Tug at the wand gently to make sure it’s secured.
5. Select the Nozzle You Want to Use
Depending on the commercial pressure washer you purchased, it may have come with only one nozzle. In that case, you can skip this step.
On the other hand, the commercial pressure washer may have come with an array of nozzles. Each nozzle has its own purpose, some are for low-pressure applications while others are for high-pressure applications; some nozzles generate a wide stream and some generate a narrow stream. There are also specialty nozzles for use with the soap injector.
Pick the right nozzle for your task—some are better for gentle rinsing, others for aggressive cleaning, and soap nozzles for detergents—then move on to the next step.
6. Attach the Nozzle
With all the main components connected and ready to go, you can now attach your nozzle of choice.
Connecting the nozzle is an easy process. Insert it into the wand by pulling back the collar, pushing in the nozzle, and releasing the collar to lock it in place.
Test the fit with a quick tug.
7. Turn on the Water Supply
Don’t forget to turn on the water before starting the engine to prevent dry starts and lower water pressure.
8. Start the Commercial Pressure Washer
Gasoline-powered pressure washers will either have an electric start or a manual start.
- Electric Start: Push the button or flip the switch.
- Manual Start: Pull the start cord firmly to start the engine.
Hot Water Boiler
If your commercial pressure washer has a hot water boiler, you’ll find a separate start mechanism on the boiler’s body. The start mechanism is electric and can be activated with the press of a button or flick of a switch.
Start the boiler and allow 5 minutes to warm up.
9. Start Cleaning!
You’re ready to start cleaning! Before you do, check out these tips for using a pressure washer to get the most optimal results.
Tips for Using Your Pressure Washer
Here are a few tips for using a pressure washer.
- Maintain Proper Distance: Keep the nozzle 6″–10″ from the surface. Too close may cause damage, too far may reduce effectiveness.
- Wash Vertical Surfaces from Top to Bottom: This prevents dirty water from running over already cleaned areas. Exception: When applying detergent, spray bottom to top, then clean from top to bottom.
- Wash Flat Surfaces from Back to Front: This helps push debris forward instead of back into cleaned areas.
Pressure Washer Maintenance and Storage Tips
- Cleaning Your Pressure Washer: Wipe down the unit after use to remove splashback and grime. This prevents buildup and corrosion.
- Storing Your Pressure Washer: Store in a dry, heated area. Some water will always remain in the pump and hose, and freezing can cause internal damage.
Takeaways:
- Using a pressure washer correctly involves a series of setup steps—connecting hoses, selecting nozzles, and starting the machine—whether electric or gas-powered.
- Always ensure tight hose connections and water supply is turned on before starting the unit to avoid performance issues.
- The type of pressure washer (electric vs. gas) changes the power setup but not the basic operating procedure.
- Nozzle choice and spray technique (distance and direction) significantly impact cleaning effectiveness and surface safety.
- Proper maintenance and storage—including drying, wiping down, and storing in a heated space—protects the unit from damage and extends its lifespan.
Chapter 6: Pressure Washer Repair & Maintenance Guide
Preventative maintenance is crucial for pressure washers to ensure optimal performance, prevent breakdowns, and extend the lifespan of the equipment.
A malfunctioning commercial pressure washer can bring operations to a halt—whether it’s low pressure, water leaks, or overheating.
So, what should you do when issues arise?
Troubleshooting is often the first and most cost-effective step. Many common problems can be resolved by your team without calling a technician, saving time and money.
5 Common Commercial Pressure Washer Issues
Our experts have identified five of the most frequent problems encountered with commercial pressure washers:
- Low Water Pressure
- Leaking Water From the Bottom
- Pump Malfunctions
- Engine Problems (Gas-Powered Models)
- Overheating
Let’s explore each of these and how to troubleshoot them.
1. Low Water Pressure
The main purpose of a commercial pressure washer is to deliver a high-pressure stream of water. If your pressure washer isn’t delivering its full power, it can’t perform effectively. Common causes include:
- Clogged Nozzle
- Clogged Water Inlet Filter
- Blocked or Damaged Hose
- Worn-Out Pump
Clogged Nozzle
The most common cause of low pressure. Dirt and debris can restrict water flow.
The Solution
The solution is to clean or replace the nozzle.
You can clean the nozzle by soaking it in white vinegar overnight. The following morning, run the nozzle under a faucet and any remaining debris should flush out. You can easily avoid clogs by regularly cleaning the nozzle.
Replace the nozzle if the blockage remains or damage is visible.
Clogged Water Inlet Filter
The water inlet filter is a fine-screen mesh that blocks dirt and other debris from entering the commercial pressure washer. This can collect dirt over time and affect the commercial pressure washer’s water pressure output.
The Solution
The solution is to check the water inlet filter for clogs. If you find one, detach and clean it out by rinsing under a faucet.
Reinstall and test the water pressure.
Blocked or Damaged Hose
A kinked, blocked, or leaking hose reduces water flow.
The Solution
Check for kinks or obstructions.
To check for obstructions, attach one end of the hose to a water supply and run water through it. If the water comes out of the other end, you know there are no obstructions. If water is not coming out the other end, there is an obstruction. Massage the hose to work the obstruction out.
Once you’ve cleared the hose of any kinks or obstructions, inspect it for tears, holes, and leaks. These can occur over time from natural wear. If you find any, you must replace the hose with a new one.
Worn-Out Pump
Over time, pumps lose efficiency and can even fail as they are used. When this happens, water pressure is drastically reduced.
The Solution
If the pump shows signs of wear or damage, it’ll need to be repaired or replaced.
If water pressure issues persist after checking the pump, you’ll need to call a technician to diagnose and fix it.
2. Leaking Water From the Bottom
Leaks can create slip hazards and signal internal issues. Three common causes are:
- Damaged Hose
- Worn Seals or O-Rings
- Loose Connections
Damaged Hose
Hoses are prone to damage from wear and tear, sharp objects, and improper storage. Any of these factors can result in a leak.
The Solution
Inspect the hose for wear, cuts, or abrasions and replace if damaged.
Faulty Seals or O-Rings
The seals and O-rings on a pressure washer are there to help prevent leaks from happening. However, these can deteriorate over time, causing water to escape.
The Solution
Just as with the hose, check the seals and o-rings for cracks or wear. Replace as necessary.
Loose Connections
A commercial pressure washer is made up of many complex parts, including the hose, trigger sprayer, spray wand, and nozzle.
Each of these parts has connections that need to be tightly secured for the commercial pressure washer to operate properly. Any loose connections can result in water leaks.
The Solution
Ensure all fittings mentioned above (hose, wand, sprayer, nozzle) are secure.
If leaks persist after tightening and replacing these parts, contact a technician.
3. Pump Malfunctions
The pump plays a very important role in a pressure washer. It uses a motor or engine to take water from the water supply and powers the high-pressure stream. If it fails, so does your washer.
Common causes include:
- Inadequate Water Supply
- Air in the Pump
- Pump Wear
Inadequate Water Supply
An inadequate water flow doesn’t just hinder the pump’s performance; it can damage it.
The Solution
Ensure a consistent, full water source with no hose kinks or shut valves.
Air in the Pump
Air pockets can reduce pump efficiency, causing a host of problems like loss of pressure, inconsistent spray patterns, and accelerated wear and tear.
This is a serious issue that should be addressed promptly if you believe it’s causing an issue with your pump.
The Solution
The solution here is a simple one. Run water through the pump (without the motor) to purge air.
Worn-Out Pump
As we went over earlier, regular use of your pump leads to natural wear.
The Solution
Inspect and repair or replace as needed.
If the pump is in good condition, then the best course of action is to call in a technician to diagnose and fix the problem.
4. Engine Problems (Gas-Powered Models)
Gas pressure washers are more powerful, but also more complex.
Common engine issues stem from:
- Dirty Carburetor
- Using Old Fuel
- Faulty Spark Plug
Dirty Carburetor
Most of the time, pressure washer engine problems stem from a dirty carburetor. Dirt and fuel contaminants can easily clog the carb with regular use.
The Solution
The solution is to have the carburetor cleaned out. Cleaning a carburetor is a very involved process that typically requires a trained technician.
To avoid a dirty carburetor in the future, change the fuel filter regularly.
Using Old Fuel
Gasoline degrades over time. When it does, it’s considered “stale gas.” Stale gasoline loses a significant portion of its combustibility, which directly reduces engine performance.
The Solution
Drain and replace your gasoline supply with fresh gasoline.
When stored properly, gasoline starts to degrade in three-to-six months. Ideally, you should use clean fuel each time you use your commercial pressure washer. It may be a good idea to use a stabilizer if the machine isn’t used often.
Faulty Spark Plugs
Spark plugs are what supply the “spark” that ignites the pressure washer’s engine on gas machines. Worn plugs can cause ignition issues.
The Solution
Inspect your spark plug for damage and replace it if necessary.
If the carburetor is clean, you use fresh gasoline, the spark plugs are in good condition, and you are still experiencing issues, you’ll want to have a professional diagnose and fix your machine.
5. Pressure Washer Overheating
Pressure washers can overheat. It is a problem that needs to be taken very seriously. Overheating can damage multiple internal components.
Worst case scenario, your pressure washer will need to be replaced.
Causes include:
- Continuous Use Without Breaks
- Malfunctioning Thermal Relief Valve
Continuous Use Without Breaks
The most common reason why a pressure washer overheats is because the operator uses it for a long period of time without any breaks.
The Solution
Refer to your owner’s manual for recommended usage intervals. Allow the machine to cool between extended use.
Malfunctioning Thermal Relief Valve
The main function of a thermal relief valve is to prevent the pump from overheating by circulating cool water. When this malfunctions, it leads directly to overheating. The telltale sign of a malfunctioning thermal relief valve is when the commercial pressure washer constantly discharges water onto the ground or if the valve doesn’t close properly.
The Solution
Check that the valve closes properly. If water continuously discharges or valve appears stuck, replace it.
If you replace the thermal relief valve, the overheating problem should disappear.
If you still experience overheating after replacing the thermal relief valve call a technician to diagnose and fix the problem.
Pro Tip: While commercial pressure washers are built tough, regular maintenance is key to longevity and performance. Keep spare nozzles, O-rings, and hoses on hand—and don’t hesitate to call a technician when DIY fixes aren’t enough.
Regular maintenance, which includes cleaning, inspections, and necessary repairs, can help your pressure washer perform at its best. Taking the time to examine and clean your pressure washer and accessories, both before and after each use, can help you save money and time on parts and repair.
Takeaways:
- Preventative maintenance and routine inspections are key to keeping commercial pressure washers running smoothly and avoiding costly breakdowns.
- Low water pressure is often caused by clogged nozzles, filters, or hoses and can usually be resolved with simple cleaning or replacement.
- Water leaks typically result from damaged hoses, worn seals, or loose connections, all of which can be fixed without calling a technician.
- Engine and pump problems in gas-powered models may stem from dirty carburetors, old fuel, or air in the system—requiring cleaning, fresh fuel, or part replacement.
- Overheating is a serious issue often caused by prolonged use or a faulty thermal relief valve, both of which can be prevented with proper operation and maintenance.
Chapter 7: Recommended Pressure Washers
Now that we’ve covered how to use a pressure washer and taken a look at some common issues, you may be curious about which models stand out in today’s market. To make your search easier, this chapter highlights our top recommended machines to help you find the right fit.
| Machine | Karcher Pro HD 400 ED | Karcher Pro Am HD | Landa® HD | Landa® MHC4-35324E |
| PSI | 1300 PSI | 3500 PSI | 4000 PSI | 3500 PSI |
| GPM | 1.7 GPM | 2.4 GPM | 4.0 GPM | 3.5 GPM |
| Power Source | Electric | Gas (pull start) | Gas (pull start) | Gas (electric start) |
| Hose Length | 33 ft | 35 ft | 50 ft | 50 ft |
| Weight | 45 lbs | 85 lbs | 149 lbs | 600 lbs |
| Key Features | Compact, electric, auto start/stop | Affordable, gas-powered, removable tank | Durable, high PSI/GPM, corrosion-resistant | Hot water, industrial-grade, thermostat |
| Best For | Indoor, light-duty jobs | Outdoor, light exterior use | General maintenance, dirt/mold | Heavy-duty, ongoing outdoor use |
1. Karcher Pro HD 400 ED
SKU#: 15209900 | Mfr#: 1.520-990.0
Why It’s a Top Pick:
This electric-powered unit is purpose-built for indoor cleaning and is the lightest model on our list. It’s perfect for restaurant kitchens, event venues, back-of-house areas, trash bins, and more.
Performance Specs:
- PSI: 1300 PSI – low pressure ideal for indoor cleaning
- GPM: 1.7 – conserves water without sacrificing performance
- Power: Electric – no emissions, no refueling, and endless runtime
- Portability: 45 lbs with a compact 36″x14″x13″ frame and retractable handle
- Hose: 33 ft kink-resistant hose with multi-purpose nozzle
- Build: Durable plastic frame with metal elements like a stainless-steel wand
Extra Features:
- EASY!Force trigger gun reduces hand strain
- Adjustable pressure control
- ETL certified to UL1776 safety standards
Cost:
One of the most budget-friendly commercial-grade options on the market.
2. Karcher Pro Am HD
SKU#: 11074690 | Mfr#: 1.107-469.0
Why It’s a Top Pick:
If affordability is your priority, this is your machine. It’s a great gas-powered option for light-duty outdoor cleaning and a step above consumer-grade alternatives.
Performance Specs:
- PSI: 3500 PSI – strong enough for most jobs
- GPM: 2.4 – efficient for occasional cleaning
- Power: Karcher KXS gas engine with pull start
- Portability: 85 lbs with oversized flat-free tires
- Hose: 35 ft with 4 quick-connect nozzles (15°, 25°, 40°, and soap)
- Build: Welded steel frame, stainless-steel wand
Extra Features:
- Removable detergent tank
- Professional-grade triplex pump
- ETL certified to UL1776 safety standards
Cost:
The most affordable option on our list—great value for light-duty users.
3. Landa® HD
Direct Drive SKU#: 98077290 | Belt Drive SKU#: 98077300
Why It’s a Top Pick:
With the highest PSI and GPM on our list, the Landa® HD is a true workhorse. Choose between direct drive for portability or belt drive for extended lifespan.
Performance Specs:
- PSI: 4000 – best-in-class pressure
- GPM: 4.0 – ideal for heavy dirt and debris
- Power: Honda GX390 gas engine with pull start
- Portability: 149 lbs, available in cart or skid mount
- Hose: 50 ft – covers large areas with minimal movement
- Build: Weldless aluminum frame, corrosion-resistant, fully serviceable components
Extra Features:
- Belt absorbs vibration to reduce wear
- Puncture-proof tires
- Downstream soap injector
- ETL certified to UL1776 safety standards
Cost:
A solid mid-range price for a machine with top-tier specs.
4. Landa® MHC4-35324E
Direct Drive SKU#: 11100420 | Belt Drive SKU#: 11100770
Why It’s a Top Pick:
This industrial hot water pressure washer is built for nonstop performance in large-scale outdoor settings like stadiums, campuses, and Class A buildings.
Performance Specs:
- PSI: 3500 – tough on grime
- GPM: 3.5 – efficient flow for heavy-duty jobs
- Power: Honda GX390 gas engine with electric start
- Portability: 600 lbs – not lightweight, but maneuverable with flat-free tires or trailer-mount options
- Hose: 50 ft with 24″ burst guard, standard trigger gun and vario wand
Build:
- Steel chassis with epoxy powder coat
- 10-gallon rust-free diesel tank
- Digital display with maintenance reminders
- Fully adjustable thermostat (up to 250°F)
Extra Features:
- Thermal and pressure safety protections
- Detergent injector with twist-to-activate wand
- Easy-access coil design
- ETL certified to UL1776 safety standards
Cost:
It is the most expensive on our list, but it delivers unmatched power and durability for demanding environments.
Takeaways:
- Best for Indoor Use: The Karcher Pro HD 400 ED is a lightweight, electric unit ideal for light-duty indoor cleaning in kitchens, venues, and back-of-house areas.
- Most Affordable Option: The Karcher Pro Am HD offers strong cleaning power at 3500 PSI for a low price, making it a smart choice for light outdoor jobs.
- Top Performance Specs: The Landa® HD leads in pressure (4000 PSI) and flow rate (4.0 GPM), making it the best all-around machine for heavy-duty outdoor maintenance.
- Industrial-Grade Power: The Landa® MHC4-35324E features hot water cleaning, a 10-gallon fuel tank, and a thermostat—ideal for large-scale, nonstop commercial use.
- Choose Based on Job Type: Consider PSI, GPM, power source, and portability—indoor spaces benefit from compact electric units, while large outdoor areas require gas-powered, high-PSI models with long hoses.
Chapter 8: Important Questions to Ask When Selecting a Pressure Washer
After exploring pressure washer options and identifying some top-rated models, you might be ready to take the next step.
One of the most effective ways to choose the right machine is by speaking with an expert who can help match your needs with the right equipment. During your consultation, it’s helpful to come prepared with questions that will guide the conversation and ensure you get the best recommendation.
In the next chapter, we’ll share key questions to ask when you’re considering a pressure washer purchase.
When buying a pressure washer, you should always bring up:
- Budget
- I have a budget of $$$$. What commercial pressure washers fall in that price range?
- Coverage Needs
- I have XXXX square feet of concrete to maintain. What size pressure washer do you recommend?
- Surface Types
- I have a _______ surface I need to clean. Should I use a pressure washer on this type of surface? If not, do you recommend another piece of janitorial cleaning equipment?
- Dilution Control
- Do I need dilution control on my machine? How do I know if this is a good investment?
- Machine Type
- What determines if I need a gas or electric pressure washer?
- Warranty
- Do you or the manufacturer offer warranties? What are they, and how do they compare across different manufacturers?
- Common Problems
- Are you aware of any issues that are more common with pressure washer X compared to pressure washer Y?
- Machine Life
- What is the life expectancy of pressure washer X compared to pressure washer Y?
- Payback
- What is the typical payback period or return on investment for pressure washer X?
Takeaways:
- Always ask questions before making a purchasing decision.
- Come prepared with your facility size, budget, and needs in mind.
Conclusion
Pressure washers are essential tools for efficient cleaning in commercial settings, capable of removing stubborn dirt, grime, and even paint using high-pressure water streams. These machines are powered by either electric motors or gasoline engines, with their cleaning power measured in pounds per square inch (PSI) and gallons per minute (GPM). PSI indicates the power of the water stream, while GPM measures the water flow rate.
There are three main types of pressure washers: light-duty, heavy-duty, and commercial. Light-duty models are suitable for smaller tasks, heavy-duty for more demanding jobs, and commercial for the most rigorous cleaning.
Key components include the power supply, pump system, boiler (for hot water models), hose, trigger handle, spray wand, and nozzle. The power source can be gasoline or electric, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Gasoline models offer greater mobility and power, while electric models are quieter and require less maintenance.
Selecting the right pressure washer involves considering factors like PSI and GPM, power source, and whether a hot water boiler is needed. The type of surface to be cleaned also matters, as different materials require varying pressure levels. For example, concrete can withstand high pressure, while wood and stucco require gentler cleaning.
The cost of a pressure washer varies significantly based on its features and capabilities, with factors like the power source, heating unit, start-up mechanism, pressure output, size, frequency of use, and dilution control systems all influencing the price.
Proper maintenance and troubleshooting are crucial for ensuring the longevity and optimal performance of a pressure washer.
WHAT’S NEXT?
If you’re considering investing in a pressure washer, the team at Imperial Dade is here to help you make a smart, informed decision that aligns with your goals and budget.
We’ll start by learning about your specific needs and priorities, then recommend the right equipment and solutions—specific to your business. Our experts will guide you through every step of the selection process to ensure you feel confident in your purchase.
Once you’ve chosen your equipment, we’ll handle delivery, setup, and provide in-person training so your team can operate the machine safely and efficiently using the latest best practices.
We’re excited to learn more about your operation and help you develop a successful pressure washing program.
Imperial Dade is the leading independently owned and operated distributor of foodservice packaging, facilities maintenance supplies, floor equipment, and industrial packaging in North America. A provider of customized supply chain solutions, Imperial Dade serves customers in many business-to-business market segments. Our growing network of strategically located distribution centers serves over 120,000 customers nationwide. We have over 7,800 employees on our team that are dedicated to exceeding customer expectations.